Hawaii Volcano Hazards & Preparedness Quiz
Lava hazards, gas, earthquakes, evacuation and closures (10 questions).
Hawaii Volcano Hazards & Preparedness Quiz: Quick Study Notes
Hawaii’s volcanoes, particularly Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, are dynamic forces of nature that present unique geological hazards. Understanding these risks—from the slow creep of lava to the invisible threat of volcanic gases and frequent earthquakes—is crucial for residents and visitors alike. This section provides quick study notes to help you grasp the essential aspects of volcano hazards and preparedness in the Hawaiian Islands.
Key Hazard Overview
Molten rock flows, primarily pahoehoe and ‘a’ā, destroy property and infrastructure. While generally slow-moving, they can isolate communities.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) leads to vog (volcanic smog), impacting air quality and health. Laze (lava haze) forms where lava meets the ocean, producing hydrochloric acid and glass particles.
Magma movement causes frequent seismic activity (volcano-tectonic earthquakes, long-period events) that can lead to ground cracks, widespread damage, and increased hazards.
Civil Defense issues evacuation orders for areas at risk from lava flows or severe gas accumulation. Roads and facilities are closed for public safety and to allow emergency response.
Key Takeaways for Preparedness
- Pahoehoe and ‘A’ā are the main lava types; they destroy everything in their path.
- Volcanic gases like SO2 create vog and dangerous laze near ocean entry points.
- Earthquakes linked to magma movement can cause significant ground disruption.
- Always follow official evacuation orders from Hawaii County Civil Defense.
- Keep an emergency kit with food, water, and essential supplies.
- Stay informed through official channels like USGS and Civil Defense.
- Road and area closures are vital for public safety during eruptions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main difference between pahoehoe and ‘a’ā lava?
Pahoehoe lava has a smooth, ropy, and flowing surface, typically advancing slowly. ‘A’ā lava is characterized by a rough, jagged, and clinkery surface, often thicker and more viscous.
How does volcanic gas (vog) impact human health?
Vog, primarily sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other volcanic gases, can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation, headaches, and general discomfort, especially for individuals with pre-existing conditions.
Why are earthquakes common near Hawaiian volcanoes?
Earthquakes in Hawaii are largely caused by the movement of magma within the volcano’s plumbing system, the fracturing of rocks due to volcanic pressure, and the spreading of the volcano’s flanks.
When should residents evacuate during a Hawaiian eruption?
Residents should evacuate immediately when an official mandatory evacuation order is issued by the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency or other authorized emergency management officials.
What does “Laze” refer to in the context of Hawaiian volcanoes?
Laze, or “lava haze,” is a corrosive plume formed when hot lava flows into the ocean, reacting with seawater to create steam, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and tiny glass particles. It poses inhalation and skin irritation hazards.
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