Hawaii Physical Geography Quiz
Volcanoes, islands, climate (10 questions).
Hawaii Physical Geography Quiz: Quick Study Notes
Hawaii is a unique archipelago formed by volcanic activity over a geologic hotspot in the middle of the Pacific Plate. Its physical geography is defined by massive shield volcanoes, distinct microclimates driven by trade winds, and erosion patterns that vary significantly by island age.
Key Takeaways
- Hawaii is the only U.S. state located entirely in the tropics and on the Pacific Plate.
- The “Big Island” is the youngest and still growing due to active volcanism from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa.
- Kauai, the oldest major island, features deep canyons and rugged cliffs due to millions of years of erosion.
- The climate is heavily influenced by the persistent northeast trade winds creating wet windward and dry leeward sides.
- Lōʻihi (Kamaʻehuakanaloa) is an active submarine volcano destined to become the next Hawaiian island.
Frequently Asked Questions
How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
They were formed by hotspot volcanism, where a stationary plume of magma punched through the moving Pacific Plate to create islands.
Why is the windward side wet and the leeward side dry?
This is caused by the rain shadow effect (orographic lift), where mountains block moist trade winds, forcing them to drop rain on one side.
What is the tallest mountain in Hawaii?
Mauna Kea is the tallest peak, reaching 13,803 feet above sea level, and is the world’s tallest mountain from base to peak.
Which is the oldest major Hawaiian island?
Kauai is the oldest of the main islands, estimated to be about 5.1 million years old.
Are there active volcanoes in Hawaii?
Yes, primarily on the Big Island (Hawaii), including Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, which are among the most active in the world.
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